| Prefix | Symbol | Power of 10 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| exa | E | 1018 | 1E = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 |
| peta | P | 1015 | 1P = 1,000,000,000,000,000 |
| tera | T | 1012 | 1T = 1,000,000,000,000 |
| giga | G | 109 | 1G = 1,000,000,000 |
| mega | M | 106 | 1M = 1,000,000 |
| kilo | k | 103 | 1k = 1,000 |
| hecto | h | 102 | 1h = 100 |
| deca | da | 101 | 1da = 10 |
| unit | 100 | 1 = 1 | |
| deci | d | 10-1 | 1d = 0.1 |
| centi | c | 10-2 | 1c = 0.01 |
| milli | m | 10-3 | 1m = 0.001 |
| micro | μ | 10-6 | 1μ = 0.000001 |
| nano | n | 10-9 | 1n = 0.000000001 |
| pico | p | 10-12 | 1p = 0.000000000001 |
| femto | f | 10-15 | 1f = 0.000000000000001 |
| atto | a | 10-18 | 1a = 0.000000000000000001 |
This calculator helps determine the percentage of conduit fill based on the diameter of the conduit and the diameter of the wire. Proper conduit fill calculations are essential for ensuring that electrical wires are not overcrowded, which can lead to overheating and potential safety hazards.
Formula:Conduit Fill (%) = (Wire Area / Conduit Area) * 100
Formula Breakdown:Calculating the appropriate wire size is crucial to ensure safety and efficiency in electrical systems. The wire size depends on the current it needs to carry and the length of the wire, considering acceptable voltage drop limits.
The formula to determine the minimum wire size (cross-sectional area) required for a given current and wire length is based on the permissible voltage drop:
Formula: A = \(\frac{2 \cdot I \cdot L \cdot ρ}{V_d}\)
Typically, the resistivity (ρ) for copper is 1.68 x 10^-8 Ω·m, and for aluminum, it is 2.82 x 10^-8 Ω·m. The permissible voltage drop (V_d) is usually a small percentage of the total voltage (e.g., 3-5%).
AWG (American Wire Gauge) is a standardized system used to measure the diameter of wires. The diameter decreases as the AWG number increases.The diameter of wires in AWG is typically given in inches, but it can be converted to millimeters for more precision.
Formula:The following formulas are used to convert AWG to diameter:
Below is a table that provides the diameter of wires in inches and millimeters for various American Wire Gauge (AWG) sizes. Use the button below to show or hide the table.