Calculate flow rate using the differential pressure method. The mathematical equation representing flow measurement via differential pressure is:
Formula:
Q = C * A * √(2 * ΔP / ρ)
Formula Breakdown:
Q represents the flow rate (measured in cubic meters per second or liters per second)
C is the discharge coefficient (dimensionless)
A represents the cross-sectional area of the flow (measured in square meters)
ΔP represents the differential pressure (measured in pascals)
ρ represents the density of the fluid (measured in kilograms per cubic meter)
This equation allows you to calculate the flow rate if you know the values of the other variables. Here's a breakdown of how the equation can be used in different scenarios:
If you know the discharge coefficient, cross-sectional area, differential pressure, and density of the fluid, you can calculate the flow rate:
Convert a hydrostatic level measurement to a corresponding physical value. The mathematical formula for hydrostatic level measurement conversion is:
Formula:
Physical Value = ((Measured Level - Min Level) / (Max Level - Min Level)) * (Max Physical Value - Min Physical Value) + Min Physical Value
Formula Breakdown:
Measured Level represents the hydrostatic level measurement
Min Level represents the minimum level value in the measurement range
Max Level represents the maximum level value in the measurement range
Min Physical Value represents the minimum physical value corresponding to the min level
Max Physical Value represents the maximum physical value corresponding to the max level
Physical Value represents the converted physical value
This equation allows you to convert a hydrostatic level measurement to a corresponding physical value within a specified range. Here's a breakdown of how the equation can be used:
If you know the measured level and the range of minimum and maximum levels, as well as the corresponding physical values, you can calculate the corresponding physical value:
Physical Value = ((Measured Level - Min Level) / (Max Level - Min Level)) * (Max Physical Value - Min Physical Value) + Min Physical Value
If you know the physical value and the range of minimum and maximum levels, as well as the corresponding physical values, you can calculate the corresponding measured level:
Measured Level = ((Physical Value - Min Physical Value) / (Max Physical Value - Min Physical Value)) * (Max Level - Min Level) + Min Level
Convert an ultrasonic level measurement to a corresponding physical value. The mathematical formula for ultrasonic level measurement conversion is:
Formula:
Physical Value = ((Measured Distance - Min Distance) / (Max Distance - Min Distance)) * (Max Physical Value - Min Physical Value) + Min Physical Value
Formula Breakdown:
Measured Distance represents the ultrasonic level measurement
Min Distance represents the minimum distance value in the measurement range
Max Distance represents the maximum distance value in the measurement range
Min Physical Value represents the minimum physical value corresponding to the min distance
Max Physical Value represents the maximum physical value corresponding to the max distance
Physical Value represents the converted physical value
This equation allows you to convert an ultrasonic level measurement to a corresponding physical value within a specified range. Here's a breakdown of how the equation can be used:
If you know the measured distance and the range of minimum and maximum distances, as well as the corresponding physical values, you can calculate the corresponding physical value:
Physical Value = ((Measured Distance - Min Distance) / (Max Distance - Min Distance)) * (Max Physical Value - Min Physical Value) + Min Physical Value
If you know the physical value and the range of minimum and maximum distances, as well as the corresponding physical values, you can calculate the corresponding measured distance:
Measured Distance = ((Physical Value - Min Physical Value) / (Max Physical Value - Min Physical Value)) * (Max Distance - Min Distance) + Min Distance
Convert an ultrasonic level measurement to a corresponding physical value. The mathematical formula for ultrasonic level measurement conversion is:
Formula:
Physical Value = ((Measured Distance - Min Distance) / (Max Distance - Min Distance)) * (Max Physical Value - Min Physical Value) + Min Physical Value
Formula Breakdown:
Measured Distance represents the ultrasonic level measurement
Min Distance represents the minimum distance value in the measurement range
Max Distance represents the maximum distance value in the measurement range
Min Physical Value represents the minimum physical value corresponding to the min distance
Max Physical Value represents the maximum physical value corresponding to the max distance
Physical Value represents the converted physical value
Control Valve Sizing Calculator
Calculate flow rate, valve coefficient, or pressure drop using the control valve sizing equation. The mathematical equation representing control valve sizing is:
Formula:
Q = Cv * √(ΔP / Gf)
Formula Breakdown:
Q represents the flow rate (measured in gallons per minute or liters per second)
Cv represents the valve flow coefficient (dimensionless)
ΔP represents the pressure drop across the valve (measured in pounds per square inch or pascals)
Gf represents the specific gravity of the fluid (dimensionless)
This equation allows you to calculate any one of the three variables if you know the values of the other two. Here's a breakdown of how the equation can be used in different scenarios:
If you know the valve coefficient, pressure drop, and specific gravity of the fluid, you can calculate the flow rate:
Q = Cv * √(ΔP / Gf)
If you know the flow rate, pressure drop, and specific gravity of the fluid, you can calculate the valve coefficient:
Cv = Q / √(ΔP / Gf)
If you know the flow rate, valve coefficient, and specific gravity of the fluid, you can calculate the pressure drop:
ΔP = (Q / Cv)2 * Gf
PID Controller Output Calculator
Calculate the output of a PID controller using the PID formula. The mathematical formula for PID controller output is:
Formula:
Controller Output = (Proportional Gain) × (Error) + (Integral Gain) × (Integral of Error) + (Derivative Gain) × (Rate of Change of Error)
Formula Breakdown:
Proportional Gain represents the proportional gain of the PID controller
Error represents the error signal (desired value - actual value)
Integral Gain represents the integral gain of the PID controller
Integral of Error represents the integral of the error signal over time
Derivative Gain represents the derivative gain of the PID controller
Rate of Change of Error represents the rate of change of the error signal
Controller Output represents the calculated output of the PID controller
This equation allows you to calculate the output of a PID controller based on the error signal, integral of error, and rate of change of error, along with the corresponding gains. Here's a breakdown of how the equation can be used:
If you know the error signal, integral of error, rate of change of error, and the gains, you can calculate the controller output:
Controller Output = (Proportional Gain) × (Error) + (Integral Gain) × (Integral of Error) + (Derivative Gain) × (Rate of Change of Error)
Span Calculation
Calculate the span, zero, or full-scale value using the span calculation equation. The mathematical equation representing span calculation is:
Formula:
S = FS - Z
Formula Breakdown:
S represents the span (measured in the same units as FS and Z)
FS represents the full-scale value (measured in any unit)
Z represents the zero value (measured in the same unit as FS)
This equation allows you to calculate any one of the three variables if you know the values of the other two. Here's a breakdown of how the equation can be used in different scenarios:
If you know the full-scale value and the zero value, you can calculate the span:
S = FS - Z
If you know the span and the zero value, you can calculate the full-scale value:
FS = S + Z
If you know the span and the full-scale value, you can calculate the zero value:
Z = FS - S
Linearization Calculator
Calculate the linearized output, input, or slope using the linearization equation. The mathematical equation representing linearization is:
Formula:
Y = mX + b
Formula Breakdown:
Y represents the linearized output (dependent variable)
m represents the slope of the linear relationship
X represents the input (independent variable)
b represents the y-intercept (the value of Y when X is 0)
This equation allows you to calculate any one of the four variables if you know the values of the other three. Here's a breakdown of how the equation can be used in different scenarios:
If you know the slope, input, and y-intercept, you can calculate the linearized output:
Y = mX + b
If you know the linearized output, input, and y-intercept, you can calculate the slope:
m = (Y - b) / X
If you know the linearized output, slope, and y-intercept, you can calculate the input:
X = (Y - b) / m
If you know the linearized output, slope, and input, you can calculate the y-intercept:
b = Y - mX
Percent Span Calculation
Calculate the percent span of a measurement. The mathematical equation representing percent span calculation is:
Formula:
Percent Span = ((Measured Value - Zero Value) / Span) * 100%
Formula Breakdown:
Measured Value represents the current measured value
Zero Value represents the lower limit of the measurement range (zero value)
Span represents the difference between the upper limit and lower limit of the measurement range
This equation allows you to calculate the percent span if you know the measured value, zero value, and span. Here's a breakdown of how the equation can be used in different scenarios:
If you know the measured value, zero value, and span, you can calculate the percent span:
Percent Span = ((Measured Value - Zero Value) / Span) * 100%
If you know the percent span, zero value, and span, you can calculate the measured value:
Measured Value = (Percent Span / 100 * Span) + Zero Value
If you know the percent span, measured value, and span, you can calculate the zero value:
Zero Value = Measured Value - (Percent Span / 100 * Span)
If you know the percent span, measured value, and zero value, you can calculate the span:
Span = (Measured Value - Zero Value) / (Percent Span / 100)
Error Calculation
Calculate the error in a measurement. The mathematical equations representing error calculation are:
Measured Value represents the value obtained from the measurement
True Value represents the actual or accepted value
Absolute Error is the absolute difference between the measured value and the true value
Relative Error is the absolute error expressed as a percentage of the true value
These equations allow you to calculate the absolute error and relative error. Here's a breakdown of how the equations can be used in different scenarios:
If you know the measured value and the true value, you can calculate the absolute error:
Absolute Error = |Measured Value - True Value|
If you know the absolute error and the true value, you can calculate the relative error:
Calculate the zero error in a measurement. The mathematical equation representing zero error calculation is:
Formula:
Zero Error = Measured Value - True Zero Value
Formula Breakdown:
Measured Value represents the value obtained from the measurement when it should read zero
True Zero Value represents the actual or accepted zero value (typically zero)
Zero Error is the difference between the measured value and the true zero value
This equation allows you to calculate the zero error if you know the measured value and the true zero value. Here's a breakdown of how the equation can be used in different scenarios:
If you know the measured value and the true zero value, you can calculate the zero error:
Zero Error = Measured Value - True Zero Value
If the true zero value is zero (which is common), the zero error is simply the measured value:
Zero Error = Measured Value
If you need to adjust the measured value to correct for zero error, you can subtract the zero error from the measured value:
Corrected Value = Measured Value - Zero Error
Range Overlap Calculator
Calculate the overlap between two numerical ranges. The mathematical formula for calculating range overlap is:
Start1 represents the starting value of the first range
End1 represents the ending value of the first range
Start2 represents the starting value of the second range
End2 represents the ending value of the second range
Overlap represents the length of the overlapping segment of the two ranges
This equation allows you to calculate the overlap between two ranges if you know their start and end values. Here's a breakdown of how the equation can be used in different scenarios:
If you know the start and end values of both ranges, you can calculate the overlap:
Flow Rate Calculation
Calculate flow rate using the K-factor or C-factor, square root of pressure drop, specific gravity, temperature, and pressure. The mathematical formula for flow rate calculation is:
Formula:
Flow Rate = (K-factor or C-factor) × (Square Root of Pressure Drop) × (Specific Gravity / (Temperature × Pressure))
Formula Breakdown:
This equation allows you to calculate flow rate based on the K-factor or C-factor, pressure drop, specific gravity, temperature, and pressure. Here's a breakdown of how the equation can be used:
K-factor or C-factor represents the coefficient related to the flow meter or system
Square Root of Pressure Drop represents the square root of the pressure drop across the system
Specific Gravity represents the density of the fluid relative to water
Temperature represents the temperature of the fluid
Pressure represents the pressure of the fluid
Flow Rate represents the calculated flow rate
If you know the K-factor or C-factor, square root of pressure drop, specific gravity, temperature, and pressure, you can calculate the flow rate:
Flow Rate = (K-factor or C-factor) × (Square Root of Pressure Drop) × (Specific Gravity / (Temperature × Pressure))
If you know the desired flow rate and the system parameters, you can rearrange the equation to solve for the K-factor or C-factor:
K-factor or C-factor = (Flow Rate) / ((Square Root of Pressure Drop) × (Specific Gravity / (Temperature × Pressure)))
Pressure Calculation
Calculate pressure using the formula Pressure = Force / Area. The mathematical formula for pressure calculation is:
Formula:
Pressure = Force / Area
Formula Breakdown:
Pressure represents the pressure exerted on a surface
Force represents the force applied perpendicular to the surface
Area represents the surface area on which the force is applied
This equation allows you to calculate pressure based on the applied force and the surface area. Here's a breakdown of how the equation can be used:
If you know the force applied and the surface area, you can calculate the pressure:
Pressure = Force / Area
If you know the desired pressure and the force applied, you can rearrange the equation to solve for the required surface area:
Area = Force / Pressure
4-20 mA Signal Conversion Calculator
Convert a 4-20 mA current signal to a corresponding physical value. The mathematical formula for 4-20 mA signal conversion is:
Formula:
Physical Value = (Input Signal - 4) * (Physical High - Physical Low) / (20 - 4) + Physical Low
Formula Breakdown:
Input Signal represents the 4-20 mA current signal to be converted
Physical Low represents the lower limit of the physical value range
Physical High represents the upper limit of the physical value range
Physical Value represents the converted physical value
This equation allows you to convert a 4-20 mA current signal to a corresponding physical value within a specified range. Here's a breakdown of how the equation can be used:
If you know the 4-20 mA input signal and the physical value range, you can calculate the physical value:
Physical Value = (Input Signal - 4) * (Physical High - Physical Low) / (20 - 4) + Physical Low
If you know the physical value and the physical value range, you can calculate the 4-20 mA input signal:
Input Signal = ((Physical Value - Physical Low) * (20 - 4) / (Physical High - Physical Low)) + 4
If you need to adjust the physical value range while keeping the same 4-20 mA input signal range, you can adjust the physical low and high values:
Physical Value = (Input Signal - 4) * (New Physical High - New Physical Low) / (20 - 4) + New Physical Low
4-20 mA to Percentage Conversion Calculator
Convert a 4-20 mA current signal to a percentage value. The mathematical formula for 4-20 mA to percentage conversion is:
Input Signal represents the 4-20 mA current signal to be converted
Percentage represents the converted percentage value
This equation allows you to convert a 4-20 mA current signal to a percentage value within the range of 0% to 100%. Here's a breakdown of how the equation can be used:
If you know the 4-20 mA input signal, you can calculate the corresponding percentage:
Convert a 0-10V voltage signal to a percentage value. The mathematical formula for 0-10V to percentage conversion is:
Formula:
Percentage = (Input Voltage / 10) * 100%
Formula Breakdown:
Input Voltage represents the 0-10V voltage signal to be converted
Percentage represents the converted percentage value
This equation allows you to convert a 0-10V voltage signal to a percentage value within the range of 0% to 100%. Here's a breakdown of how the equation can be used:
If you know the 0-10V input voltage, you can calculate the corresponding percentage:
Percentage = (Input Voltage / 10) * 100%
If you know the percentage and want to calculate the corresponding 0-10V input voltage: